Genetically Modified Foods The Answer to World Hunger Essay

Genetically Modified Foods: The Answer to World Hunger Genetically modified (GM) foods have become omnipresent over the past decade. They are a technological breakthrough that allows humans to manipulate and add foreign genes to crops to enhance desired traits, but they have also evolved into a controversial issue, especially for Third World countries. Some people believe that GM foods not only provide larger yields to feed hungry citizens in Third World countries, but they can also be a source of great nutritional value. For example, researchers have developed a strain of golden rice containing high amounts of vitamin A and numerous other vitamins and minerals. Additionally, GM crops are laced with herbicides and pesticides, and†¦show more content†¦The Royal Society of London asserts that dramatic advances are required in food production, distribution and access [to] address the needs [of developing nations] (157). Poverty in Third World nations has never been as high as it is today. Developed nations are the only source for aid to Third World countries that lack financial resources, research opportunities, and economic advantages. For instance, Third World countries, such as India, face starvation and malnutrition, weak legal and political accountability, and tremendous financial hardship. The establishment of GM foods in these counties will improve their situation in many ways. Benefits of GM crops include: increased yields, shelf-life, quality, nutritive value, and pharmaceutical benefits such as vaccines; elimination of pesticides and other chemical usage; less tillage; and less land required to cultivate, which means that more biodiversity is preserved. Additionally, in the long run, GM foods are less expensive to grow than non-transgenic crops. Clearly, the use of GM foods brings tremendous benefits to humans and to the environment in developing nations. Although these benefits are clear, there are also potential negative risks as a result of the introduction of GM crops to Third World countries. Environmental risks associated with GM foods include unregulated cross-pollination with other plants that may lead to unforeseen, possibly dangerous, results. There is also a fear thatShow MoreRelatedGenetically Food And World Hunger Problem1202 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically modified food And World Hunger Problem As Lehrer writes in the article â€Å" We, Robots†, compared to expectation on each other, people are extremely eager to take sides on technology (Lehrer, n.d.). In the 21st century, Technology has an extremely significant effect on the lives of individuals. Technology shows people a more efficient way to do things; Medical discoveries occur at an increasingly fast rate and agricultural processes that once required a plenty of human workers can now beRead MorePersuasive Speech: Why We Should Abandon Genetically Modified Food1580 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive Speech: Genetically Modified Food We all enjoy a cold glass of milk with homemade cookies, a refreshing pop on a hot summer day, and a juicy cob of corn in the summer months. But, do we ever wonder what is really in our food? Because genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled, you will likely never know if the food you are consuming is genetically modified. As a fellow member of the Organic Consumers Association, I am eager to inform you of why genetically modified food is an issueRead MoreEssay Genetically Modified Foods1678 Words   |  7 Pagesthe term genetically modified (GM) foods is not the most appetizing word in the English language and neither is the term genetically engineered foods for that matter. Whether or not you realize it, you have consumed at least one product that contains genetically modified foods. These â€Å"modified foods† are hiding all over your supermarkets and in some instances, there is no way to tell just by looking at it. But, they have been around for more than two decades and it has helped to keep our food supplyRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Modification On The Environment And The Human Race1475 Words   |  6 Pagesthe price of crops and increase production, which could help solve world hunger. While it may seem like negative effects would be outweighed by the possibility of solving world hunger, an important issue, the conceivably detrimental effects on the health of the environment and the human race would outweigh the humanitarian goal of stopping world hunger. Genetic modification of crops is not the only possible solution to world hunger. There are other solutions that would not negatively harm the environmentRead MoreImagine a World without Genetically Modified Organisms ?806 Words   |  3 PagesImagine a world without any Genetically Modified Organisms. It will be a horrible scene with many people starving because they don’t got the money to buy organic food Organic foods are more expensive because they say they have no pesticides but Genetically Modified Organisms are just the same and larger, also cheaper.. There will be people dying because they don’t got a lot of food and also World hunger was never solved so billions of people are starving to death. Genetically Modified Organisms areRead MoreArguments Of Proponents And Opponents Of The Safe And Accurate Food Labeling Act1744 Words   |  7 PagesAccurate Food Labeling Act. This paper will now analyze each issue to determine the strengths and weakness of each side’s argument. One argument that proponents make about genetically modified food is that they are no different than natural foods. An argument that opponents make is that genetically modified organisms have not been tested enough because they are fairly new and some scientist truly don’t have an understanding of how it will affect humans bodies differently than natural foods. ProponentsRead MoreThe Harm Negative Effects Of Genetically Modified Food1068 Words   |  5 Pageslabelling of genetically engineered foods, the agency has made consumers unknowing guinea pigs for potentially harmful, unregulated food substances, stated Andrew Kimbrell, Executive Director of the International Center for Technology Assessment (CTA). A  genetically modified organism (GMO)  is an organism whose genome has been altered by the techniques of genetic engineering so that its DNA contains one or more genes not normally found within the DNA of the organism.. According to The World Health OrganizationRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetically Modified Foods On The World1657 Words   |  7 Pages2015 The Effects of Genetically Modified Foods on The World Genetically modified organisms are one of the most important issues around the world today. Genetically modified organisms are defined as food that scientists apply special techniques to change the cell structure of plants or animals to make they could produce more fruit or not be affected by disease. Genetically modified foods are foods that are made from plants that have been changed in this way. Genetically modified organisms are the rootRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Foods1203 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically modified organisms, sometimes known as GMO’s, are plants or animals that are created through the process of genetic engineering. Modified foods are often viewed as a valuable solution to ending world hunger, because they take less time to produce into larger crops. The use of gmos have increased in recent years,because they can grow bigger and faster than regular fruits and vegetables in much harsher environments.Also have seem to sustain and fight off m any of the pests that have troubledRead MoreIs Genetic Engineering the Answer to Hunger?1756 Words   |  8 PagesEngineering the Answer to Hunger? Introduction The controversial statement that genetic engineered food may be the solution to hunger in the world is gaining more and more interest by the media in today’s society. On the one hand, supporters of biotechnology believe that genetic engineered food ensures and sustains food security around the world as the population increases, but on the other hand, there are many concerns involved with genetically modified food. In fact, a lot of food that we

Analysis of the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and...

Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels explains the good parts of the communist system and how it should still apply to the future. They also predicted how the Communist Manifesto can stabilize the class structure without conflict. They talks about how especially through the increase in productivity, the power of the bourgeois class increases. They argues that the social class struggle is the reason for historical developments and if there are no more classes then there is no reason to worry about class antagonism. Karl Marx wrote this to warn about the dangers in capitalism. Through the idea of communism, Marx says that the society would not have to be divided into social classes. Marx is saying that society is split up†¦show more content†¦The increase in industrialization opens up the job market of labor which induces an increase in workforce. Through the fact that â€Å"Tokyo is bigger than Kumamoro,† industrialization is taking over rapidly (16). Coming from a traditional Japan, Sanshiro cannot keep up with the fast pace of industrialization. Industries increase the use of machinery which creates the demand of products at a higher pace. This creates conflict between the proletariats because more people are losing jobs. This leads people joining forces to create union groups to express their anger. â€Å"Some walked along looking at the sky, others at the ground. All wore shabby clothing. All lived in poverty. And all were serene† (62). The working classes who lose their job due to the increase of machinery are angered by these rich owners. Although Marx predicts that the workers do not have appropriating properties and that they will destroy the properties of bourgeois, this won’t happen is because they are destroying their assets. Sanshiro, a 23 year old student, moves from the countryside to study at a prestigious University in Tokyo. Moving out of a conservative island into a modern metropolis opened the eyes of Sanshiro of the real world. You can see the division in class because there are people who go to universities and people who need to stay in the countryside for work. The story revolves him and his experiences in the new lifestyle of school, girls, and the city life. The working class isShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx and Frederick Engel Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesI believe that Karl Marx and Frederick Engel and W.E.B Du Bois are both right. They both had one specific goal in mind; social equality. Karl Marx and Frederick Engel wanted to close the gap between the ruling class and the working class. The working class were being overworked and underpaid while working in factories. Marx and Engels wanted equality in the society by advocating for a communist society, where all people have equal access to r esources. W.E.B Du Bois wanted African Americans to haveRead MoreMarx And Engels s Critique And Critique Of Capitalism1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe specialised critique of capitalism found in the Communist Manifesto (written by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels), provides a basis for the analysis and critique of the capitalist system. Marx and Engels wrote about economical in relation to the means or mode of production, ideology, alienation and most fundamentally, class relations (particularly between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat). Collectively, these two men created the theory of Marxism. There are multiple critiques of Marxism thatRead MoreEssay on Marx’s Alienation of Labour4448 Words   |  18 PagesThere is deep substance and many common themes that arose throughout Marx’s career as a philosopher and political thinker. A common expressed notion throughout his and Fredrick Engels work consists of contempt for the industrial capitalist society that was growing around him during the industrial revolution. Capitalism according to Marx is a â€Å"social system with inherent exploitation and injustice†. (Pappenheim, p. 81) It is a social system, which intrinsically hinders all of its participants and specifically

Types of friends to have Free Essays

The last thing you want to be described as is someone who’s stuck in their own ways. If everyone had a friend from a different culture, the world would be a much better place. Being in a cross-cultural friendship allows you to explore customs, values, and traditions outside of your own culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of friends to have or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes you might even adopt new ways to do things. Be careful; don’t befriend someone Just because they’re from a different culture. No one likes to be a token friend. Instead, keep your mind open, and if you come across someone you click with who Just so happens to be from a different culture, make the effort to learn about their customs, values, and traditions while getting to know the person on a personal level. A Wise Mentor Jesse Jackson once said, â€Å"Never look down on someone unless you’re helping them up. † If you have someone smart, inspiring, and admirable in your life who practices this philosophy, you’re extremely lucky. We all need a friend who inspires us to be otter people without making us feel inadequate. Plus, being around such a person will challenge us to better ourselves every day. The wise mentor in your life doesn’t have to be someone who shares the same occupation or hobbies with you. It’s simply someone who’s a few steps ahead of you in life and has enough wisdom and patience to guide you in the right direction. It can be anyone -? a colleague, a friend who’s beyond their years, or an older neighbor -? as long as you look up to this person and want to be more like them. A Loyal Best Friend Sometimes a loyal best friend is the only thing you need to stay sane. Everyone needs a non-judgmental friend who will support them no matter what. This is the kind of friend who lets you be a hot mess and knows all of your deepest and darkest secrets, but still loves you all the same. A Work Pal Did you know that with a full-time Job, you spend at least 50% of your waking hours at work? Not only that, but you spend some more time commuting to work, thinking about work, working overtime, and furthering your career on your personal time. Depressing, isn’t it? Statistics show that the more isolated you are at work, the more depressed you get. That’s why it makes sense to get a work pal to chat with at the water cooler and to help you get through the week. You spend 50% of your waking hours at work, and so does your work pal. You’ll find it much easier to shoot the breeze and complain about work with someone who can relate to you than eating lunch alone every day. Your work pal doesn’t have to be your best friend outside of work. They Just need to be someone you click with on some level, and if you two hit it if exceptionally well, you can always start hanging out with them outside of the office. With a loyal best friend, a fearless adventurer, a brutally honest confidant, a wise mentor, a friend from a different culture, a polar opposite, a friendly neighbor, and a work pal in your life, you’re bound to live a long and happy! A Friendly Neighbor These days, a lot of people don’t know their own neighbors. It’s a shame, because some neighbors can be the nicest and most helpful people ever. How to cite Types of friends to have, Papers

Angels in the Notes free essay sample

In pondering over my thoughts, I returned back to that dreadful black Sunday. I found myself reaching for my trumpet, blowing through the tubes from which vibrations formed and sounds were produced. Around me was an array of invisible little angels that protected me from what I did not want to face. These little angels were the notes of a melody and my haven was the song. Tears washed down my face as I played my final note, then silence. Once the silence commenced, memories of my brother and moments which could not be traded for the world appeared in my mind. The calluses that had developed in my hands due to excessive playing of my instrument now burned. This did not burn as which my heart did for the longing of my brother’s presence. I knew that his orders to Iraq meant that his life could any day end and the songs of sorrow would forever fill my days. We will write a custom essay sample on Angels in the Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thinking this, I then commenced on a song. The song of my choice reflected the desperation and frustration of my encounter with my heartbreak. The song’s crescendo tied with bursts of emotions that my heart contained, yet in the climax embodied a rush of joy and ended in an array of notes which expressed my hope. Now, I think back to that day. It is December, and the chill of its winter cold does not compare with the bitter cold that surrounded my heart. Yet, the thing is, jovial melodies play within me now. Five years past, five years of which music was my asylum. My brother returned; my friend returned. This is why my dream is to pursue music and attain a degree. It is to teach the young the power music has to heal man. It can be their place of refuge, just as it was for me.

The Fall Of The House Of Usher Setting Essay Example For Students

The Fall Of The House Of Usher: Setting Essay TheFall of the House of Usher: SettingIn the short story, The Fall of the Houseof Usher, by Edgar Allen Poe, setting is used extensively to do many things. The author uses it to convey ideas, effects, and images. It establishesa mood and foreshadows future events. Poe communicates truths about thecharacter through setting. Symbols are also used throughout to help understandthe theme through the setting. Poe uses the setting to create an atmospherein the readers mind. He chose every word in every sentence carefully tocreate a gloomy mood. For example, Ushers house, its windows, bricks,and dungeon are all used to make a dismal atmosphere. The white trunksof decayed trees, the black and lurid tarn, and the vacant, eyelikewindows contribute to the collective atmosphere of dispair and anguish. We will write a custom essay on The Fall Of The House Of Usher: Setting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is done with the words black, lurid, decayed, and vacant. The narratorsays that the Usher mansion had an atmosphere which had no affinity withthe air of heaven. It was no where near being beautiful, holy, or clean. He uses descriptive words such as decayed, strange, peculiar, gray, mystic,Gothic, pestilent, dull and sluggish to create the atmosphere. Poes meticulouschoice of words creates a very effective atmosphere in the story. Another important way Poe uses the settingis to foreshadow events in the story. Roderick Ushers mansion is on exampleof this. There is a barely perceptible fissure in the masonry. It isa small crack in The House of Usher which the narrator defines as boththe family and the family mansion. This foreshadows an event that willruin the house and the family. The fissure divides the house. Roderickand Madeline die, destroying the family. The narrator says there is a wildinconsistency between still perfect adaptation..and thecrumbling condition of the individual stones. This is also symbolic. Thestones represent the individual people of the Usher family, and the entiremansion stands for the whole family. The wild inconsistency makes thereader aware that something later in the story will make the inconsistencyclear or consistent. From far away, no one knows that the House of Usheris in despair. The fabric gave little token of instability or the mansionitself did not tell of the turmoil it c oncealed. The story takes placein autumn, a season associated with death. When the storys tension isabout to reach its crescendo, a storm comes up, a rising tempest. Thisis a symbol for the tempest brewing in Roderick Ushers mind. Poes useof foreshadowing is just enough to clue the reader into what will happen,but not enough to give it away. Character traits are displayed throughhow the setting affects, influences, and reveals the characters. The narratoris affected by the gloomy atmosphere of the Usher mansion. He is suckedin to Ushers dream world, the world he created after living alone inhis dismal house for years. Ushers house itself is a symbol for Usher. It is isolated like Usher. There are many intricate passages, like themany facets of his mind. One of the rooms had windows which feeble gleamsof encrimsoned lightserved to render sufficiently distinct the moreprominent objects around. The windows stand for Ushers eyes, the lightis reality. He lives in his own world he created. Reality enters his brainonly in feeble gleams of light. The eyestruggles in vain to reachthe remoter angles of the chamber.. The reality does not reach all ofhis brain. These quotes show that Usher is only half in the real world,half in his own world. The books Usher read, his art, and music all revealhis personality. He played long improvised dirges on the guitar. Thenarrator describes his painting as phantasmagoric. The books he readsare about death, magic, mysticism, the occult, and torture. His favoriteis a book of vigils for the dead. All these things show that Usher is unstableand obsessed with death. .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .postImageUrl , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:hover , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:visited , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:active { border:0!important; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:active , .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3 .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4465eb76bccfa07409216ff404abbe3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: By divers meanes men come unto a like end EssayThrough the setting, Edgar Allan Poe isable to foreshadow events, establish an atmosphere, and reveal charactertraits. Although the reader may not notice all the numerous devices used,they contribute to giving the story depth. Noticed or not, Poe utilizesthe setting to its full capacity to create the mood, characters and foreshadowing.

Facts About Hydrogen, Atomic Number One on the Periodic Table

Facts About Hydrogen, Atomic Number One on the Periodic Table Hydrogen is the element that is atomic number 1 on the periodic table. The element number or atomic number is the number of protons present in the atom. Each hydrogen atom has one proton, which means it has a 1 effective nuclear charge. Basic Atomic Number 1 Facts At room temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas.While ordinarily classified as a nonmetal, the solid form of hydrogen acts like other alkali metals in the same column of the periodic table. Hydrogen metal forms under intense pressure, so it is not seen on Earth, but it does exist elsewhere in the solar system.The pure element bonds to itself to form diatomic hydrogen gas. This is the lightest gas, although it is not significantly lighter than helium gas, which exists as a monatomic element.Element atomic number 1 is the most abundant element in the universe. In terms of a sheer number of atoms, about 90% of atoms in the universe are hydrogen. Because the element is so light, this translates into around 74% of the universe by mass.Hydrogen is extremely flammable, but it doesnt burn without the presence of oxygen. If you were to place a lit match into a container of pure hydrogen, the match would simply go out, not cause an explosion. Now, if it was a mixture of hydrogen and air, the gas would ignite! Many elements can exhibit a variety of oxidation states. While atomic number 1 usually displays a 1 oxidation state, it can also pick up a second electron and exhibit a -1 oxidation state. Because two electrons fill the s subshell, this is a stable configuration. Atomic Number 1 Isotopes There are three isotopes that all have atomic number 1. While an atom of each isotope has 1 proton, they have different numbers of neutrons. The three isotopes are proton, deuterium, and tritium. Protium is the most common form of hydrogen in the universe and in our bodies. Each protium atom has one proton and no neutrons. Ordinarily, this form of element number 1 has one electron per atom, but it readily loses it to form the H ion. When people talk about hydrogen, this is the isotope of the element usually being discussed. Deuterium is a naturally occurring isotope of element atomic number 1 that has one proton and also one neutron. Since the number of protons and neutrons is the same, you might think this would be the most abundant form of the element, but its relatively rare. Only around 1 in 6400 hydrogen atoms on Earth are deuterium. Although its a heavier isotope of the element, deuterium is not radioactive. Tritium also occurs naturally, most often as a decay product from heavier elements. The isotope of atomic number 1 is also made in nuclear reactors. Each tritium atom has 1 proton and 2 neutrons, which is not stable, so this form of hydrogen is radioactive. Tritium has a half-life of 12.32 years.

A history of the orchestra and the development of the symphony Essay

A history of the orchestra and the development of the symphony - Essay Example For the music lovers, the orchestra has become one of the most noted sources of enjoyment. An orchestra is a musical ensemble used most often in classical music. Even if the orchestra is classical, this has transcends the passage of time for until now, people are still enjoying the orchestra.The word orchestra originally signified the section in ancient Greek theaters between the stage and the audience that was used by dancers and instrumentalists, between the stage and the audience that was used by dancers and instrumentalists. Orchestra can also refer to various specialized ensembles, such as a balalaika orchestra, a jazz orchestra, or a gamelan (Indonesian tuned-percussion orchestra). In a modern theater the part of the auditorium reserved for musicians is called the orchestra pit, and the term orchestra often also designates the part of the ground floor used for audience seating.Opera and ballet orchestras share with symphony orchestras on the size and structure but they differ i n their ancestry and function. The symphony orchestra performs symphonies, concerti, and other concert music and is normally placed on a stage. Opera and ballet orchestras are part of theatrical performances and are seated in the orchestra pit of a theater. Orchestra can be classified into two, with which the basis of classification is the number of staff and/or musicians. A full size orchestra, also known as the "symphony orchestra" or "philharmonic orchestra usually have over eighty musicians on its staff, in some cases over a hundred, but the number of musicians used in a performance varies according to the work being played. A leading chamber orchestra, on the other hand, might have forty or fifty members; some are much smaller than that (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra, 2006). Meanwhile there are also different sections in an orchestra. The string section, which forms the backbone of orchestral sound, is divided into four parts, much like a vocal choir: first violins, second violins, violas, and cellos and double basses. The woodwind and brass sections, unlike the strings, normally have only one player per part. Until the late 19th century, the woodwind section consisted of two oboes, two flutes, two bassoons, and two clarinets; the two members of each pair played different musical parts. By the late 19th century three of each instrument was common, with the third player sometimes switching to a related instrument. The brass section typically consists of two trumpets, four horns, three trombones, and a tuba. These are sometimes augmented by other brass instruments, such as the bass trombone or the Wagner tuba designed by the German composer Richard Wagner and used in his scores. The percussion section employs one or. The basic percussion group consists of a pair of timpani, a side drum, a bass drum, cymbals, and a triangle (http://www.mti.dmu.ac.uk/ahugill/manual/intro.html, 2006). History of Orchestra Orchestral playing started in Italy and Germany on 15th and 16th centuries when the households of nobles had musicians to provide music for dancing and the court, however with the emergence of the theatre, particularly opera, in the early 17th century, music was increasingly written for groups of players in combination. Dresden, Munich and Hamburg successively built opera houses. When the 17th century came, opera flourished in England under Henry Purcell, and in France under Lully, who with the collaboration of Molire also greatly raised the status of the entertainments known as ballets, interspersed with instrumental and vocal music (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra, 2006). As nobility began to build retreats from towns, they began to hire standing bodies of musicians. Composers such as the young Joseph Haydn then fixed body of instrumentalists to work with. At the